Tribal Trust Land Homeownership Act of 2025 in plain language
1: Short title
This section would give the Act the short title 'Tribal Trust Land Homeownership Act of 2025.'
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1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Tribal Trust Land Homeownership Act of 2025 .
2: Definitions
This section would define terms used throughout the Act. An applicable Bureau office would mean a Regional office, an Agency office, or a Land Titles and Records Office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The Bureau would mean the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Director would mean the Director of the Bureau. A first certified title status report would mean the title status report needed to verify title status on Indian land. Indian land would have the meaning already given in the Bureau's regulations at 25 CFR 162.003, as those regulations exist on the date this Act becomes law. A land mortgage would mean a mortgage that an individual Indian who owns a tract of trust land takes out for home acquisition, home construction, home improvements, or economic development. A leasehold mortgage would mean a mortgage, deed of trust, or other instrument that pledges a lessee's leasehold interest as security for a debt or other obligation the lessee owes to a lender or other mortgagee. A mortgage package would mean a proposed residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document submitted to an applicable Bureau office under section 3(a)(1). A relevant Federal agency would mean the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, or the Department of Veterans Affairs, to the extent any of them guarantees or makes direct mortgage loans on Indian land. A right-of-way document would have the meaning already given in the Bureau's regulations at 25 CFR 169.2, as those regulations exist on the date this Act becomes law. A subsequent certified title status report would mean the title status report needed to identify any liens against a residential, business, or land lease on Indian land.
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2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Applicable Bureau office The term applicable Bureau office means— (A) a Regional office of the Bureau; (B) an Agency office of the Bureau; or (C) a Land Titles and Records Office of the Bureau. (2) Bureau The term Bureau means the Bureau of Indian Affairs. (3) Director The term Director means the Director of the Bureau. (4) First certified title status report The term first certified title status report means the title status report needed to verify title status on Indian land. (5) Indian land The term Indian land has the meaning given the term in section 162.003 of title 25, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act). (6) Land mortgage The term land mortgage means a mortgage obtained by an individual Indian who owns a tract of trust land for the purpose of— (A) home acquisition; (B) home construction; (C) home improvements; or (D) economic development. (7) Leasehold mortgage The term leasehold mortgage means a mortgage, deed of trust, or other instrument that pledges the leasehold interest of a lessee as security for a debt or other obligation owed by the lessee to a lender or other mortgagee. (8) Mortgage package The term mortgage package means a proposed residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document submitted to an applicable Bureau office under section 3(a)(1). (9) Relevant Federal agency The term relevant Federal agency means any of the following Federal agencies that guarantee or make direct mortgage loans on Indian land: (A) The Department of Agriculture. (B) The Department of Housing and Urban Development. (C) The Department of Veterans Affairs. (10) Right-of-way document The term right-of-way document has the meaning given the term in section 169.2 of title 25, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act). (11) Subsequent certified title status report The term subsequent certified title status report means the title status report needed to identify any liens against a residential, business, or land lease on Indian land.
3: Mortgage review and processing
This section would set deadlines for the Bureau of Indian Affairs to review and process mortgage packages on Indian land, and would create related notice, delivery, access, and reporting requirements.
As soon as practicable after an applicable Bureau office receives a proposed residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document, the office would have to notify the lender that it was received. Not later than 10 calendar days after receiving the proposed mortgage or right-of-way document, the office would have to complete a preliminary review to verify that all required documents are included. If any required documents are missing, the office would have to notify the lender of the missing documents as soon as practicable, and not more than 2 calendar days after finding them missing.
Once a residential leasehold mortgage or business leasehold mortgage is complete and executed, with proof of required consents and other required documentation, the applicable Bureau office would have to approve or disapprove it not later than 20 calendar days after receipt. A complete executed right-of-way document would have to be approved or disapproved not later than 30 calendar days after receipt, and a complete executed land mortgage would also have to be approved or disapproved not later than 30 calendar days after receipt. Every approval or disapproval decision would have to be in writing, and a decision to disapprove would have to state the basis for the determination. These approval/disapproval deadlines would not apply to a residential or business leasehold mortgage on Indian land where the applicant is an Indian tribe that has been approved for leasing under subsection (h) of the first section of the Act of 1955 (25 U.S.C. 415(h)).
Not later than 10 calendar days after an applicable Bureau office approves a mortgage or right-of-way document, the office would have to complete processing of a first certified title status report, if one was not already completed before the approval, and a subsequent certified title status report. Notwithstanding that 10-day deadline, if an applicant for a mortgage or right-of-way document separately requests a first certified title status report, the office would have to complete processing of that report not later than 14 calendar days after receiving the request. The office would have to give the lender notice as soon as practicable after completing a first or subsequent certified title status report, and no later than the applicable deadline for that report, both electronically through secure encryption software and through the United States mail; the lender could opt out of receiving the electronic notice.
If an applicable Bureau office does not complete review and processing of a mortgage package or a related first or subsequent certified title status report by the applicable deadline, it would have to notify the party that submitted the package or requested the report, and the lender for whom the package or report is being sought, of the delay immediately after missing the deadline. Separately, not later than 2 calendar days after receiving a relevant inquiry about a submitted mortgage package from the submitting party or the lender, or an inquiry about a requested first certified title status report from the requesting party, the office would have to respond to the inquiry.
Regardless of any other law, first and subsequent certified title status reports would have to be delivered directly to the lender; to any local or regional Bureau agency office that requests the report; in the case of a proposed residential leasehold mortgage or land mortgage, to the relevant Federal agency that insures or guarantees the loan; and, if requested, to any individual or entity described in 25 CFR 150.303, as that regulation exists on the date this Act becomes law.
Beginning on the date this Act becomes law, relevant Federal agencies and Indian Tribes would have read-only access to portals containing the relevant land documents in the Bureau's Trust Asset and Accounting Management System, known as TAAMS.
Not later than March 1 of each calendar year, the Director would have to submit a report to the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives. For the most recent calendar year, the report would have to describe the number of requests each applicable Bureau office received to complete residential leasehold, business leasehold, land mortgage, and right-of-way document packages, including related requests for first and subsequent certified title status reports; which of those requests were and were not completed by the applicable deadline at each office; and the reasons each office did not meet any applicable deadline. The report would also have to describe how long each applicable Bureau office took to provide the delay notices required above. In preparing the report, the Director would have to keep confidential any personally identifiable information about the parties who requested completion of these packages and reports.
Not later than 1 year after this Act becomes law, the Comptroller General of the United States would have to submit a report to the same two committees. The report would have to evaluate the need for each Indian Tribe's residential leasehold, business leasehold, land mortgage, and right-of-way document packages, including related certified title status reports, to be digitized in order to streamline and speed up the completion of mortgage packages for residential mortgages on Indian land, and would have to estimate the time and total cost for Indian Tribes to digitize those records with the Bureau's assistance.
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3. Mortgage review and processing (a) Review and processing deadlines (1) In general As soon as practicable after receiving a proposed residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document, the applicable Bureau office shall notify the lender that the proposed residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, or right-of-way document has been received. (2) Preliminary review (A) In general Not later than 10 calendar days after receipt of a proposed residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document, the applicable Bureau office shall conduct and complete a preliminary review of the residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document to verify that all required documents are included. (B) Incomplete documents As soon as practicable, but not more than 2 calendar days, after finding that any required documents are missing under subparagraph (A), the applicable Bureau office shall notify the lender of the missing documents. (3) Approval or disapproval (A) Leasehold mortgages Not later than 20 calendar days after receipt of a complete executed residential leasehold mortgage or business leasehold mortgage, proof of required consents, and other required documentation, the applicable Bureau office shall approve or disapprove the residential leasehold mortgage or business leasehold mortgage. (B) Right-of-way documents Not later than 30 calendar days after receipt of a complete executed right-of-way document, proof of required consents, and other required documentation, the applicable Bureau office shall approve or disapprove the right-of-way document. (C) Land Mortgages Not later than 30 calendar days after receipt of a complete executed land mortgage, proof of required consents, and other required documentation, the applicable Bureau office shall approve or disapprove the land mortgage. (D) Requirements The determination of whether to approve or disapprove a residential leasehold mortgage or business leasehold mortgage under subparagraph (A), a right-of-way document under subparagraph (B), or a land mortgage under subparagraph (C)— (i) shall be in writing; and (ii) in the case of a determination to disapprove a residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, right-of-way document, or land mortgage shall, state the basis for the determination. (E) Application This paragraph shall not apply to a residential leasehold mortgage or business leasehold mortgage with respect to Indian land in cases in which the applicant for the residential leasehold mortgage or business leasehold mortgage is an Indian tribe (as defined in subsection (d) of the first section of the Act of 1955 (69 Stat. 539, chapter 615; 126 Stat. 1150; 25 U.S.C. 415(d) )) that has been approved for leasing under subsection (h) of that section (69 Stat. 539, chapter 615; 126 Stat. 1151; 25 U.S.C. 415(h) ). (4) Certified title status reports (A) Completion of reports (i) In general Not later than 10 calendar days after the applicable Bureau office approves a residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document under paragraph (3), the applicable Bureau office shall complete the processing of, as applicable— (I) a first certified title status report, if a first certified title status report was not completed prior to the approval of the residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document; and (II) a subsequent certified title status report. (ii) Requests for first certified title status reports Notwithstanding clause (i), not later than 14 calendar days after the applicable Bureau office receives a request for a first certified title status report from an applicant for a residential leasehold mortgage, business leasehold mortgage, land mortgage, or right-of-way document under paragraph (1), the applicable Bureau office shall complete the processing of the first certified title status report. (B) Notice (i) In general As soon as practicable after completion of the processing of, as applicable, a first certified title status report or a subsequent certified title status report under subparagraph (A), but by not later than the applicable deadline described in that subparagraph, the applicable Bureau office shall give notice of the completion to the lender. (ii) Form of notice The applicable Bureau office shall give notice under clause (i)— (I) electronically through secure, encryption software; and (II) through the United States mail. (iii) Option to opt out The lender may opt out of receiving notice electronically under clause (ii)(I). (b) Notices (1) In general If the applicable Bureau office does not complete the review and processing of mortgage packages under subsection (a) (including any corresponding first certified title status report or subsequent certified title status report under paragraph (4) of that subsection) by the applicable deadline described in that subsection, immediately after missing the deadline, the applicable Bureau office shall provide notice of the delay in review and processing to— (A) the party that submitted the mortgage package or requested the first certified title status report; and (B) the lender for which the mortgage package (including any corresponding first certified title status report or subsequent certified title status report) is being requested. (2) Requests for updates In addition to providing the notices required under paragraph (1), not later than 2 calendar days after receiving a relevant inquiry with respect to a submitted mortgage package from the party that submitted the mortgage package or the lender for which the mortgage package (including any corresponding first certified title status report or subsequent certified title status report) is being requested or an inquiry with respect to a requested first certified title status report from the party that requested the first certified title status report, the applicable Bureau office shall respond to the inquiry. (c) Delivery of first and subsequent certified title status reports Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any first certified title status report and any subsequent certified title status report, as applicable, shall be delivered directly to— (1) the lender; (2) any local or regional agency office of the Bureau that requests the first certified title status report or subsequent certified title status report; (3) in the case of a proposed residential leasehold mortgage or land mortgage, the relevant Federal agency that insures or guarantees the loan; and (4) if requested, any individual or entity described in section 150.303 of title 25, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act). (d) Access to trust asset and accounting management system (TAAMS) Beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, the relevant Federal agencies and Indian Tribes shall have read-only access to portals containing the relevant land documents from the Trust Asset and Accounting Management System (commonly known as TAAMS ) maintained by the Bureau. (e) Annual report (1) In general Not later than March 1 of each calendar year, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives a report describing— (A) for the most recent calendar year, the number of requests received to complete residential leasehold mortgage packages, business leasehold mortgage packages, land mortgage packages, and right-of-way document packages (including any requests for corresponding first certified title status reports and subsequent certified title status reports), including a detailed description of— (i) requests that were and were not successfully completed by the applicable deadline described in subsection (a) by each applicable Bureau office; and (ii) the reasons for each applicable Bureau office not meeting any applicable deadlines; and (B) the length of time needed by each applicable Bureau office during the most recent calendar year to provide the notices required under subsection (b)(1). (2) Requirement In submitting the report required under paragraph (1), the Director shall maintain the confidentiality of personally identifiable information of the parties involved in requesting the completion of residential leasehold mortgage packages, business leasehold mortgage packages, land mortgage packages, and right-of-way document packages (including any corresponding first certified title status reports and subsequent certified title status reports). (f) GAO study Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives a report that includes— (1) an evaluation of the need for residential leasehold mortgage packages, business leasehold mortgage packages, land mortgage packages, and right-of-way document packages of each Indian Tribe to be digitized for the purpose of streamlining and expediting the completion of mortgage packages for residential mortgages on Indian land (including the corresponding first certified title status reports and subsequent certified title status reports); and (2) an estimate of the time and total cost necessary for Indian Tribes to digitize the records described in paragraph (1), in conjunction with assistance in that digitization from the Bureau.
4: Establishment of Realty Ombudsman position
This section would require the Director to establish a Realty Ombudsman position within the Bureau's Division of Real Estate Services. The Realty Ombudsman would report directly to the Secretary of the Interior. The Realty Ombudsman would be responsible for making sure applicable Bureau offices meet the mortgage review and processing deadlines set out in section 3(a); making sure applicable Bureau offices comply with the notice requirements in subsections (a) and (b) of section 3; serving as a liaison to other Federal agencies, including by making sure the Bureau responds to all inquiries from relevant Federal agencies and by helping facilitate communications between those agencies and the Bureau on matters relating to mortgages on Indian land; receiving inquiries, questions, and complaints directly from Indian Tribes, members of Indian Tribes, and lenders about executed residential leasehold mortgages, business leasehold mortgages, land mortgages, or right-of-way documents; and serving as the intermediary between Indian Tribes, members of Indian Tribes, and lenders on one side and the Bureau on the other in responding to those inquiries and questions and in resolving complaints.
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4. Establishment of Realty Ombudsman position (a) In general The Director shall establish within the Division of Real Estate Services of the Bureau the position of Realty Ombudsman, who shall report directly to the Secretary of the Interior. (b) Functions The Realty Ombudsman shall— (1) ensure that the applicable Bureau offices are meeting the mortgage review and processing deadlines established by section 3(a); (2) ensure that the applicable Bureau offices comply with the notices required under subsections (a) and (b) of section 3; (3) serve as a liaison to other Federal agencies, including by— (A) ensuring the Bureau is responsive to all of the inquiries from the relevant Federal agencies; and (B) helping to facilitate communications between the relevant Federal agencies and the Bureau on matters relating to mortgages on Indian land; (4) receive inquiries, questions, and complaints directly from Indian Tribes, members of Indian Tribes, and lenders in regard to executed residential leasehold mortgages, business leasehold mortgages, land mortgages, or right-of-way documents; and (5) serve as the intermediary between the Indian Tribes, members of Indian Tribes, and lenders and the Bureau in responding to inquiries and questions and resolving complaints.