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US Congress · H.R. 28 · Passed the House

Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025

Introduced
Moved
Reached a final decision
Introduced 2025-01-03
Derived from the official record below.

Officially: “Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 Read the full text

Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues

What it does

Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 This bill generally prohibits school athletic programs from allowing individuals whose biological sex at birth was male to participate in programs that are for women or girls. Specifically, the bill provides that it is a violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for federally funded education programs or activities to operate, sponsor, or facilitate athletic programs or activities that allow individuals of the male sex to participate in programs or activities that are designated for women or girls. (Title IX prohibits discrimi
Summary by the Congressional Research Service, from the official record. Plain-language version below. Not legal advice.

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Written by AI from the complete official bill text and independently fact-checked against it. Not legal advice.
1Short title

This section states that the Act may be cited as the Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025.

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Official text, verbatim from the record

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 .

2Amendment

This section would amend Section 901 of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681, the Title IX law) by adding a new subsection (d). Under the new subsection, it would be a violation of Title IX for a recipient of federal financial assistance that operates, sponsors, or facilitates an athletic program or activity to permit a person whose sex is male to participate in an athletic program or activity designated for women or girls. For this purpose, a person's sex would be recognized based solely on their reproductive biology and genetics at birth. The term athletic programs and activities would include, but not be limited to, all programs or activities provided on the condition of participating with any athletic team. The new subsection would not stop a recipient from letting males train or practice with an athletic program or activity designated for women or girls, as long as doing so does not deprive any female of a roster spot on a team or sport, an opportunity to participate in a practice or competition, a scholarship, admission to an educational institution, or any other benefit that comes with participating in the athletic program or activity. The Comptroller General would be required to carry out a study to determine the meaning of any other benefit as used in that training and practice exception, by examining the benefits to women and girls from participating in single-sex sports that would be lost by allowing males to participate. The study would have to document the adverse psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological effects on girls of allowing males to compete in, be members of a team in, or participate in athletic programs designed for girls, including displacement or discouragement from sports participation, loss of a roster spot on a team or sport, loss of the opportunity to participate in a practice or competition, loss of a scholarship or scholarship opportunities, loss or displacement of admission to an educational institution, loss of the benefit of an environment free of hostility based on sexual assault or harassment, or loss of any other benefit that accompanies participating in the athletic program or activity. The Comptroller General would then have to submit a report containing the results of the study to the House Committee on Education and Workforce and the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

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Official text, verbatim from the record

2. Amendment Section 901 of the Education Amendments of 1972 ( 20 U.S.C. 1681 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (d) (1) It shall be a violation of subsection (a) for a recipient of Federal financial assistance who operates, sponsors, or facilitates an athletic program or activity to permit a person whose sex is male to participate in an athletic program or activity that is designated for women or girls. (2) For the purposes of this subsection, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biology and genetics at birth. (3) For the purposes of this subsection, the term athletic programs and activities includes, but is not limited to, all programs or activities that are provided conditional upon participation with any athletic team. (4) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a recipient from permitting males to train or practice with an athletic program or activity that is designated for women or girls so long as no female is deprived of a roster spot on a team or sport, opportunity to participate in a practice or competition, scholarship, admission to an educational institution, or any other benefit that accompanies participating in the athletic program or activity. (5) The Comptroller General shall carry out a study to determine the meaning of the phrase any other benefit as used in paragraph (4) by looking at benefits to women or girls of participating in single sex sports that would be lost by allowing males to participate. The study shall document the adverse psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological results to girls of allowing males to compete, be members of a sports team, or participants in athletic programs, that are designed for girls, including displacement or discouragement from sports participation, deprivation of a roster spot on a team or sport, loss of the opportunity to participate in a practice or competition, loss of a scholarship or scholarship opportunities, loss or displacement of admission to an educational institution, deprivation of the benefit of an environment free of hostility based on sexual assault or harassment, or loss of any other benefit that accompanies participating in the athletics program or activity. Further, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Education and Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report that contains the results of such study. .

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Where it is

Introduced · 2025-01-03

In the House.

Passed the House · 2025-01-14
Senate floor vote · next · the next step

Official documents

The on-site text is shown verbatim from the GovInfo publication, captured 2026-07-23. The same version at GovInfo.

The numbers

29%
of bills that passed one chamber became law in the 118th Congress, 2023 to 2024 (n=939)
84
sponsors, out of 218 needed to pass

Who is lobbying on this

NATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIESvia NATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES
10 filings
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERSvia AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS
7 filings
BIG 12 CONFERENCEvia KIT BOND STRATEGIES
7 filings
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNIONvia AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
6 filings
HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGNvia HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN
6 filings
THE EDUCATION TRUSTvia THE EDUCATION TRUST
6 filings
YWCA USAvia YWCA USA
6 filings
AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATIONvia AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATION
2 filings
From 58 filings in federal lobbying disclosures (LDA), via lda.gov, naming this bill (2025 to 2026). Filings are self-reported by lobbying firms and show who is paid to influence this bill. They do not say which side, or whether it worked.
Every fact on this page links to its source, starting with the official bill record. Last action: Received in the Senate. (2025-01-15).