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An act relating to public utilities, the official text

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1                           STATE OF OKLAHOMA

1

2                  1st Session of the 60th Legislature (2025)

2

3 SENATE BILL 650           By: Paxton
3

4

4

5

5

6                           AS INTRODUCED

6

7   An Act relating to public utilities; defining term;

7   requiring the governing body of a public utility to

8   adopt a plan for components of maintenance and

8   operation of public utilities; providing for contents

9   of plan; specifying process for notice; allowing for

9   public utilities to be in compliance upon approval of

10  plan; authorizing certain state agencies to verify

10  certain provisions of plan; preventing certain

11  recovery of damages under certain circumstances;

11  amending 51 O.S. 2021, Sections 152, as last amended

12  by Section 111, Chapter 452, O.S.L. 2024, 154, and

12  155, as amended by Section 21, Chapter 228, O.S.L.

13  2022 (51 O.S. Supp. 2024, Sections 152 and 155),

13  which relate to The Governmental Tort Claims Act;

14  adding definition; increasing award amounts for

14  certain claims; specifying certain accidents and

15  occurrences; providing for the process and amounts

15  awarded under certain circumstances; expanding

16  exemptions for liability by the state or political

16  subdivisions; updating statutory references and

17  language; making language gender neutral; providing

17  for codification; and providing an effective date.

18

18

19

19

20 BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
20

21  SECTION 1.     NEW LAW  A new section of law to be codified

21

22 in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 37-235 of Title 11, unless there
22

23 is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                                              Page 1
1   A. As used in this section, "public utility" means a

1

2 municipally owned utility or other publicly owned utility providing
2

3 sewage services through a sanitary sewer system.
3

4   B. The governing body of the public utility shall adopt a plan

4

5 that includes, but is not limited to, the following:
5

6   1. Mapping and recordkeeping of a sanitary sewer system for

6

7 maintenance and operation of the system;
7

8   2. A policy of inspections, cleaning, and root control of sewer

8

9 lines that contains the following elements:
9

10  a. an inspection program of sewer lines to determine

10

11                 whether sewage flows are clear, moderately occluded,

11

12                 or severely occluded,

12

13  b. a program of routine maintenance of sewer lines, and

13

14  c. a treatment program for sewer lines identified as

14

15                 having blockages due to root infiltration of which the

15

16                 public utility has notice with root control through

16

17                 either mechanical or chemical treatments;

17

18  3. A policy of responding to calls for sanitary sewer overflows

18

19 (SSO) to clear municipal sewer mains, flush with water and deodorize
19

20 the land upon which SSO has occurred, and remove SSO debris from
20

21 land upon which SSO has occurred;
21

22  4. Adoption of a "Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) Ordinance" that

22

23 makes unlawful the improper introduction of fats, oils, or grease
23

24 from nonresidential entities that are connected to the sanitary
24

    Req. No. 1398                                             Page 2
1 sewer system and incorporating pre-treatment regulations adopted by
1

2 the Department of Environmental Quality for such entities. Public
2

3 utilities shall periodically notify sanitary sewer system
3

4 participants and dischargers of the restrictions within this
4

5 paragraph;
5

6   5. Adoption of an ordinance requiring new construction or

6

7 remodels of existing buildings to be connected to the sanitary sewer
7

8 system, including the installation of a backflow prevention device
8

9 on the private service line connecting the structure to the sanitary
9

10 sewer main line;
10

11  6. Adoption of a policy that will notify private residential

11

12 property owners who are connected to the sanitary sewer system of
12

13 the option to provide additional personal protection through
13

14 installation of a backflow prevention system on the private service
14

15 line connecting the property to the sanitary sewer main line. At
15

16 the discretion of the governing body of the public utility, after
16

17 considering available funding, private residential property owners
17

18 connected to the sewer system may be offered public assistance with
18

19 installation and inspection of backflow prevention devices;
19

20  7. Adoption of a funding availability model that identifies:

20

21  a. the total revenue from ratepayers that can reasonably

21

22                 be expected over a fiscal year,

22

23  b. other funding sources from municipal revenues that can

23

24                 reasonably be expected to be contributed to the

24

    Req. No. 1398                                               Page 3
1                  sanitary sewer system operations, maintenance, or

1

2                  capital improvements,

2

3   c. external sources of funding from local, state,

3

4                  federal, or tribal entities that could be available

4

5                  for sanitary sewer system operations, maintenance, or

5

6                  capital improvements, and

6

7   d. bonding capacities, whether revenue bonds or general

7

8                  obligation bonds, that could be available for sanitary

8

9                  sewer system operations, maintenance, or capital

9

10                 improvements;

10

11 Funding availability models shall be reviewed at least every five
11

12 (5) years to include a rate study recommending reasonable rates for
12

13 those connected to the sanitary sewer system; and
13

14  8. Adoption of a five-year capital improvement plan that

14

15 considers dedication of funding available to:
15

16  a. repair or replace sanitary sewer lines that have been

16

17                 identified as severely occluded,

17

18  b. repair or replace municipal sanitary sewer lift

18

19                 stations necessary for the continued operation of the

19

20                 system, and

20

21  c. access or purchase equipment for operation of the

21

22                 municipal sanitary sewer system serving the citizens

22

23                 of the municipality that are connected to the

23

24                 municipal sanitary sewer system.

24

    Req. No. 1398                                                 Page 4
1   C. Notification as described in paragraphs 4 and 6 of

1

2 subsection B of this section shall be satisfied by annual
2

3 publication in a newspaper of general circulation within the service
3

4 area of the public utility, publication on the public utility
4

5 sponsored website, or annual inserts in ratepayer monthly utility
5

6 bills. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a
6

7 public utility from making multiple notifications to ratepayers in
7

8 the one-year period.
8

9   D. Public utilities that are in the process of implementing

9

10 policies prescribed in subsection B of this section for completion
10

11 and implementation within five (5) years of the effective date of
11

12 this act shall be considered in compliance with the provisions of
12

13 this section.
13

14  E. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board and other state agencies

14

15 that provide funding to public utilities for water and wastewater
15

16 improvements shall ensure the ranking structure for approval of
16

17 applications for funding accounts for the sustainability efforts of
17

18 systems that adopted the plans identified in this statute.
18

19  F. There shall be no right of recovery for personal injury from

19

20 a sanitary sewer overflow, provided that the utility charged with
20

21 operation of the sanitary sewer system is working to maintain its
21

22 sanitary sewer system in accordance with the guidance and criteria
22

23 promulgated by the governing body pursuant to subsection B of this
23

24 section and any criteria or guidelines promulgated by a governmental
24

    Req. No. 1398                                              Page 5
1 entity under an interlocal cooperative pursuant to Section 1001 et
1

2 seq. of Title 74 of the Oklahoma Statutes, as such components are
2

3 determined by the governing body to be fiscally achievable
3

4 considering available revenue streams to the public utility to fund
4

5 the same. While those municipalities qualifying for relief under
5

6 this section shall be exempt from personal injury damage claims of
6

7 annoyance and inconvenience associated with a sanitary sewer
7

8 overflow that alleges a nuisance-based cause of action, nothing
8

9 herein shall otherwise prohibit a right of recovery for property
9

10 damages associated with a sanitary sewer overflow in accordance with
10

11 The Governmental Tort Claims Act.
11

12  SECTION 2.     AMENDATORY         51 O.S. 2021, Section 152, as last

12

13 amended by Section 111, Chapter 452, O.S.L. 2024 (51 O.S. Supp.
13

14 2024, Section 152), is amended to read as follows:
14

15  Section 152. As used in The Governmental Tort Claims Act:

15

16  1. "Action" means a proceeding in a court of competent

16

17 jurisdiction by which one party brings a suit against another;
17

18  2. "Agency" means any board, commission, committee, department

18

19 or other instrumentality or entity designated to act in behalf of
19

20 the state or a political subdivision;
20

21  3. "Charitable health care provider" means a person who is

21

22 licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized by the laws of this
22

23 state to administer health care in the ordinary course of business
23

24 or the practice of a profession and who provides care to a medically
24

    Req. No. 1398                                             Page 6
1 indigent person, as defined in paragraph 9 of this section, with no
1

2 expectation of or acceptance of compensation of any kind;
2

3   4. "Claim" means any written demand presented by a claimant or

3

4 the claimant's authorized representative in accordance with the The
4

5 Governmental Tort Claims Act to recover money from the state or
5

6 political subdivision as compensation for an act or omission of a
6

7 political subdivision or the state or an employee;
7

8   5. "Claimant" means the person or the person's authorized

8

9 representative who files notice of a claim in accordance with The
9

10 Governmental Tort Claims Act. Only the following persons and no
10

11 others may be claimants:
11

12  a. any person holding an interest in real or personal

12

13                 property which suffers a loss, provided that the claim

13

14                 of the person shall be aggregated with claims of all

14

15                 other persons holding an interest in the property and

15

16                 the claims of all other persons which are derivative

16

17                 of the loss, and that multiple claimants shall be

17

18                 considered a single claimant,

18

19  b. the individual actually involved in the accident or

19

20                 occurrence who suffers a loss, provided that the

20

21                 individual shall aggregate in the claim the losses of

21

22                 all other persons which are derivative of the loss, or

22

23  c. in the case of death, an administrator, special

23

24                 administrator or a personal representative who shall

24

    Req. No. 1398                                            Page 7
1                  aggregate in the claim all losses of all persons which

1

2                  are derivative of the death;

2

3   6. "Community health care provider" means:

3

4   a. a health care provider who volunteers services at a

4

5                  community health center that has been deemed by the

5

6                  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a

6

7                  federally qualified health center as defined by 42

7

8                  U.S.C., Section 1396d(l)(2)(B),

8

9   b. a health provider who provides services to an

9

10                 organization that has been deemed a federally

10

11                 qualified look-alike community health center, and

11

12  c. a health care provider who provides services to a

12

13                 community health center that has made application to

13

14                 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for

14

15                 approval and deeming as a federally qualified look-

15

16                 alike community health center in compliance with

16

17                 federal application guidance, and has received

17

18                 comments from the U.S. Department of Health and Human

18

19                 Services as to the status of such application with the

19

20                 established intent of resubmitting a modified

20

21                 application, or, if denied, a new application, no

21

22                 later than six (6) months from the date of the

22

23                 official notification from the U.S. Department of

23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                                                 Page 8
1                  Health and Human Services requiring resubmission of a

1

2                  new application;

2

3   7. "Employee" means any person who is authorized to act in

3

4 behalf of a political subdivision or the state whether that person
4

5 is acting on a permanent or temporary basis, with or without being
5

6 compensated or on a full-time or part-time basis.
6

7   a. Employee also includes:

7

8                  (1) all elected or appointed officers, members of

8

9                  governing bodies and other persons designated to

9

10                 act for an agency or political subdivision, but

10

11                 the term does not mean a person or other legal

11

12                 entity while acting in the capacity of an

12

13                 independent contractor or an employee of an

13

14                 independent contractor,

14

15                 (2) from September 1, 1991, through June 30, 1996,

15

16                 licensed physicians, licensed osteopathic

16

17                 physicians and certified nurse-midwives providing

17

18                 prenatal, delivery or infant care services to

18

19                 State Department of Health clients pursuant to a

19

20                 contract entered into with the State Department

20

21                 of Health in accordance with paragraph 3 of

21

22                 subsection B of Section 1-106 of Title 63 of the

22

23                 Oklahoma Statutes but only insofar as services

23

24                 authorized by and in conformity with the terms of

24

    Req. No. 1398                                    Page 9
1                  the contract and the requirements of Section 1-

1

2                  233 of Title 63 of the Oklahoma Statutes, and

2

3                  (3) any volunteer, full-time or part-time firefighter

3

4                  when performing duties for a fire department

4

5                  provided for in subparagraph j of paragraph 11 of

5

6                  this section.

6

7   b. For the purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act,

7

8                  the following are employees of this state, regardless

8

9                  of the place in this state where duties as employees

9

10                 are performed:

10

11                 (1) physicians acting in an administrative capacity,

11

12                 (2) resident physicians and resident interns

12

13                 participating in a graduate medical education

13

14                 program of the University of Oklahoma Health

14

15                 Sciences Center, the College of Osteopathic

15

16                 Medicine of Oklahoma State University, or the

16

17                 Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse

17

18                 Services,

18

19                 (3) faculty members and staff of the University of

19

20                 Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the College

20

21                 of Osteopathic Medicine of Oklahoma State

21

22                 University, while engaged in teaching duties,

22

23

23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                  Page 10
1                  (4) physicians who practice medicine or act in an

1

2                  administrative capacity as an employee of an

2

3                  agency of the State of Oklahoma,

3

4                  (5) physicians who provide medical care to inmates

4

5                  pursuant to a contract with the Department of

5

6                  Corrections,

6

7                  (6) any person who is licensed to practice medicine

7

8                  pursuant to Title 59 of the Oklahoma Statutes,

8

9                  who is under an administrative professional

9

10                 services contract with the Oklahoma Health Care

10

11                 Authority under the auspices of the Oklahoma

11

12                 Health Care Authority Chief Medical Officer, and

12

13                 who is limited to performing administrative

13

14                 duties such as professional guidance for medical

14

15                 reviews, reimbursement rates, service

15

16                 utilization, health care delivery and benefit

16

17                 design for the Oklahoma Health Care Authority,

17

18                 only while acting within the scope of such

18

19                 contract,

19

20                 (7) licensed medical professionals under contract

20

21                 with city, county, or state entities who provide

21

22                 medical care to inmates or detainees in the

22

23                 custody or control of law enforcement agencies,

23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                                         Page 11
1                  (8) licensed mental health professionals as defined

1

2                  in Sections 1-103 and 5-502 of Title 43A of the

2

3                  Oklahoma Statutes, who are conducting initial

3

4                  examinations of individuals for the purpose of

4

5                  determining whether an individual meets the

5

6                  criteria for emergency detention as part of a

6

7                  contract with the Department of Mental Health and

7

8                  Substance Abuse Services, and

8

9                  (9) licensed mental health professionals as defined

9

10                 in Sections 1-103 and 5-502 of Title 43A of the

10

11                 Oklahoma Statutes, who are providing mental

11

12                 health or substance abuse treatment services

12

13                 under a professional services contract with the

13

14                 Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse

14

15                 Services and are providing such treatment

15

16                 services at a state-operated facility.

16

17                 Physician faculty members and physician staff of the

17

18                 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the

18

19                 College of Osteopathic Medicine of Oklahoma State

19

20                 University not acting in an administrative capacity or

20

21                 engaged in teaching duties are not employees or agents

21

22                 of the state.

22

23  c. For the purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act,

23

24                 employee shall include independent contractors and

24

    Req. No. 1398                                          Page 12
1                  employees of independent contractors while actively

1

2                  engaged in the transport of individuals in need of

2

3                  initial assessment, emergency detention, or protective

3

4                  custody as authorized by Section 1-110 of Title 43A of

4

5                  the Oklahoma Statutes.

5

6   d. Except as provided in subparagraph b of this

6

7                  paragraph, in no event shall the state be held liable

7

8                  for the tortious conduct of any physician, resident

8

9                  physician or intern while practicing medicine or

9

10                 providing medical treatment to patients.

10

11  e. For purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act,

11

12                 members of the state military forces on state active

12

13                 duty orders or on Title 32 active duty orders are

13

14                 employees of this state, regardless of the place,

14

15                 within or outside this state, where their duties as

15

16                 employees are performed;

16

17  8. "Loss" means death or injury to the body or rights of a

17

18 person or damage to real or personal property or rights therein;
18

19  9. "Medically indigent" means a person requiring medically

19

20 necessary hospital or other health care services for the person or
20

21 the dependents of the person who has no public or private third-
21

22 party coverage, and whose personal resources are insufficient to
22

23 provide for needed health care;
23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                                            Page 13
1   10. "Municipality" means any incorporated city or town, and all

1

2 institutions, agencies or instrumentalities of a municipality;
2

3   11. "Occurrence" means a loss arising out of an accident or

3

4 event or a continuous or repeated exposure to substantially the same
4

5 general harmful conditions. All losses arising out of an accident
5

6 or event or a continuous or repeated exposure to substantially the
6

7 same general harmful conditions shall be deemed to have arisen out
7

8 of one occurrence;
8

9   12. "Political subdivision" means:

9

10  a. a municipality,

10

11  b. a school district, including, but not limited to, a

11

12                 technology center school district established pursuant

12

13                 to Section 4410, 4411, 4420 or 4420.1 of Title 70 of

13

14                 the Oklahoma Statutes,

14

15  c. a county,

15

16  d. a public trust where the sole beneficiary or

16

17                 beneficiaries are a city, town, school district or

17

18                 county. For purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims

18

19                 Act, a public trust shall include:

19

20                 (1) a municipal hospital created pursuant to Sections

20

21                    30-101 through 30-109 of Title 11 of the Oklahoma

21

22                    Statutes, a county hospital created pursuant to

22

23                    Sections 781 through 796 of Title 19 of the

23

24                    Oklahoma Statutes, or is created pursuant to a

24

    Req. No. 1398                                      Page 14
1                  joint agreement between such governing

1

2                  authorities, that is operated for the public

2

3                  benefit by a public trust created pursuant to

3

4                  Sections 176 through 180.4 of Title 60 of the

4

5                  Oklahoma Statutes and managed by a governing

5

6                  board appointed or elected by the municipality,

6

7                  county, or both, who exercises control of the

7

8                  hospital, subject to the approval of the

8

9                  governing body of the municipality, county, or

9

10                 both,

10

11                 (2) a public trust created pursuant to Sections 176

11

12                 through 180.4 of Title 60 of the Oklahoma

12

13                 Statutes after January 1, 2009, the primary

13

14                 purpose of which is to own, manage, or operate a

14

15                 public acute care hospital in this state that

15

16                 serves as a teaching hospital for a medical

16

17                 residency program provided by a college of

17

18                 osteopathic medicine and provides care to

18

19                 indigent persons, and

19

20                 (3) a corporation in which all of the capital stock

20

21                 is owned, or a limited liability company in which

21

22                 all of the member interest is owned, by a public

22

23                 trust,

23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                                          Page 15
1   e. for the purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act

1

2                  only, a housing authority created pursuant to the

2

3                  provisions of the Oklahoma Housing Authorities Act,

3

4   f. for the purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act

4

5                  only, corporations organized not for profit pursuant

5

6                  to the provisions of the Oklahoma General Corporation

6

7                  Act for the primary purpose of developing and

7

8                  providing rural water supply and sewage disposal

8

9                  facilities to serve rural residents,

9

10  g. for the purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act

10

11                 only, districts formed pursuant to the Rural Water,

11

12                 Sewer, Gas and Solid Waste Management Districts Act,

12

13  h. for the purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act

13

14                 only, master conservancy districts formed pursuant to

14

15                 the Conservancy Act of Oklahoma,

15

16  i. for the purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act

16

17                 only, a fire protection district created pursuant to

17

18                 the provisions of Section 901.1 et seq. of Title 19 of

18

19                 the Oklahoma Statutes,

19

20  j. for the purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act

20

21                 only, a benevolent or charitable corporate volunteer

21

22                 or full-time fire department for an unincorporated

22

23                 area created pursuant to the provisions of Section 592

23

24                 et seq. of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes,

24

    Req. No. 1398                                        Page 16
1   k. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act only,

1

2                  an Emergency Services Provider rendering services

2

3                  within the boundaries of a Supplemental Emergency

3

4                  Services District pursuant to an existing contract

4

5                  between the Emergency Services Provider and the State

5

6                  Department of Health. Provided, however, that the

6

7                  acquisition of commercial liability insurance covering

7

8                  the activities of such Emergency Services Provider

8

9                  performed within this state shall not operate as a

9

10                 waiver of any of the limitations, immunities or

10

11                 defenses provided for political subdivisions pursuant

11

12                 to the terms of The Governmental Tort Claims Act,

12

13  l. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act only,

13

14                 a conservation district created pursuant to the

14

15                 provisions of the Conservation District Act,

15

16  m. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act,

16

17                 districts formed pursuant to the Oklahoma Irrigation

17

18                 District Act,

18

19  n. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act only,

19

20                 any community action agency established pursuant to

20

21                 Sections 5035 through 5040 of Title 74 of the Oklahoma

21

22                 Statutes,

22

23  o. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act only,

23

24                 any organization that is designated as a youth

24

    Req. No. 1398                                                Page 17
1                  services agency, pursuant to Section 2-7-306 of Title

1

2                  10A of the Oklahoma Statutes,

2

3   p. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act only,

3

4                  any judge presiding over a drug court, as defined by

4

5                  Section 471.1 of Title 22 of the Oklahoma Statutes,

5

6   q. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act only,

6

7                  any child-placing agency licensed by this state to

7

8                  place children in foster family homes,

8

9   r. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act only,

9

10                 a circuit engineering district created pursuant to

10

11                 Section 687.1 of Title 69 of the Oklahoma Statutes,

11

12  s. for purposes of the The Governmental Tort Claims Act

12

13                 only, a substate planning district, regional council

13

14                 of government or other entity created pursuant to

14

15                 Section 1001 et seq. of Title 74 of the Oklahoma

15

16                 Statutes, and

16

17  t. for purposes of The Governmental Tort Claims Act only,

17

18                 a regional transportation authority created pursuant

18

19                 to Section 1370.7 of Title 68 of the Oklahoma Statutes

19

20                 including its contract operator and any railroad

20

21                 operating in interstate commerce that sells a property

21

22                 interest or provides services to a regional

22

23                 transportation authority or allows the authority to

23

24                 use the property or tracks of the railroad for the

24

    Req. No. 1398                                               Page 18
1                  provision of public passenger rail service to the

1

2                  extent claims against the contract operator or

2

3                  railroad arise out of or are related to or in

3

4                  connection with such property interest, services or

4

5                  operation of the public passenger rail service.

5

6                  Provided, the acquisition of commercial liability

6

7                  insurance to cover the activities of the regional

7

8                  transportation authority, contract operator or

8

9                  railroad shall not operate as a waiver of any

9

10                 liabilities, immunities or defenses provided pursuant

10

11                 to the provisions of the The Governmental Tort Claims

11

12                 Act,

12

13 and all their institutions, instrumentalities or agencies;
13

14  12. 13. "Scope of employment" means performance by an employee

14

15 acting in good faith within the duties of the employee's office or
15

16 employment or of tasks lawfully assigned by a competent authority
16

17 including the operation or use of an agency vehicle or equipment
17

18 with actual or implied consent of the supervisor of the employee,
18

19 but shall not include corruption or fraud;
19

20  13. 14. "State" means the State of Oklahoma or any office,

20

21 department, agency, authority, commission, board, institution,
21

22 hospital, college, university, public trust created pursuant to
22

23 Title 60 of the Oklahoma Statutes of which the State of Oklahoma is
23

24 the beneficiary, or other instrumentality thereof;
24

    Req. No. 1398                                              Page 19
1   14. 15. "State active duty" shall be defined in accordance with

1

2 Section 801 of Title 44 of the Oklahoma Statutes;
2

3   15. 16. "State military forces" shall be defined in accordance

3

4 with Section 801 of Title 44 of the Oklahoma Statutes;
4

5   16. 17. "Title 32 active duty" shall be defined in accordance

5

6 with Section 801 of Title 44 of the Oklahoma Statutes; and
6

7   17. 18. "Tort" means a legal wrong, independent of contract,

7

8 involving violation of a duty imposed by general law, statute, the
8

9 Constitution of the State of Oklahoma, or otherwise, resulting in a
9

10 loss to any person, association or corporation as the proximate
10

11 result of an act or omission of a political subdivision or the state
11

12 or an employee acting within the scope of employment; provided,
12

13 however, a tort shall not include a claim for inverse condemnation.
13

14  SECTION 3.     AMENDATORY     51 O.S. 2021, Section 154, is

14

15 amended to read as follows:
15

16  Section 154. A. The total liability of the state and its

16

17 political subdivisions on claims within the scope of The
17

18 Governmental Tort Claims Act, arising out of an accident or
18

19 occurrence happening after October 1, 1985, Section 151 et seq. of
19

20 this title, shall not exceed:
20

21  1. Twenty-five Thousand Dollars ($25,000.00) Thirty-five

21

22 Thousand Dollars ($35,000.00) for any claim or to any claimant who
22

23 has more than one claim for loss of property, including related
23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                                             Page 20
1 consequential damages, arising out of a single act, accident, or
1

2 occurrence;
2

3   2. For physical injury from a municipal overflow or backup,

3

4 Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) per individual person occupying
4

5 the structure at the time of the occurrence not to exceed an
5

6 aggregate damage amount of Twenty Thousand Dollars ($20,000.00) per
6

7 occurrence regardless of the number person affected by the
7

8 occurrence;
8

9   3. For nuisance, annoyance, or inconvenience damages from a

9

10 municipal sewer overflow or backup, Five Thousand Dollars
10

11 ($5,000.00) per individual person occupying the structure at the
11

12 time of the occurrence not to exceed an aggregate damage amount of
12

13 Twenty Thousand Dollars ($20,000.00) per occurrence regardless of
13

14 the number of persons affected by the occurrence;
14

15  4. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, One Hundred

15

16 Twenty-five Thousand Dollars ($125,000.00) One Hundred Fifty
16

17 Thousand Dollars ($150,000.00) to any claimant for a claim for any
17

18 other loss arising out of a single act, accident, or occurrence.
18

19 The limit of liability for the state or any city or county with a
19

20 population of three hundred thousand (300,000) or more according to
20

21 the latest Federal Decennial Census, or a political subdivision as
21

22 defined in subparagraph s of paragraph 11 of Section 152 of this
22

23 title, shall not exceed One Hundred Seventy-five Thousand Dollars
23

24 ($175,000.00) Two Hundred Thousand Dollars ($200,000.00). Except
24

    Req. No. 1398                                             Page 21
1 however, the limits of the liability for the University Hospitals
1

2 and State Mental Health Hospitals operated by the Department of
2

3 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services for claims arising from
3

4 medical negligence shall be Two Hundred Thousand Dollars
4

5 ($200,000.00) Two Hundred Twenty-five Thousand Dollars
5

6 ($225,000.00). For claims arising from medical negligence by any
6

7 licensed physician, osteopathic physician or certified nurse-midwife
7

8 rendering prenatal, delivery or infant care services from September
8

9 1, 1991, through June 30, 1996, pursuant to a contract authorized by
9

10 subsection B of Section 1-106 of Title 63 of the Oklahoma Statutes
10

11 and in conformity with the requirements of Section 1-233 of Title 63
11

12 of the Oklahoma Statutes, the limits of the liability shall be Two
12

13 Hundred Thousand Dollars ($200,000.00) Two Hundred Twenty-five
13

14 Thousand Dollars ($225,000.00); or
14

15  3. 5. One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00) for any number of

15

16 claims for indemnification pursuant to Section 162 of this title
16

17 arising out of a single occurrence or accident; or
17

18  6. One Million Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars

18

19 (1,250,000.00) for any number of claims arising out of a single
19

20 occurrence or accident.
20

21  B. 1. Beginning on May 28, 2003, claims shall be allowed for

21

22 wrongful criminal felony conviction resulting in imprisonment if the
22

23 claimant has received a full pardon on the basis of a written
23

24 finding by the Governor of actual innocence for the crime for which
24

    Req. No. 1398                                           Page 22
1 the claimant was sentenced or has been granted judicial relief
1

2 absolving the claimant of guilt on the basis of actual innocence of
2

3 the crime for which the claimant was sentenced. The Governor or the
3

4 court shall specifically state, in the pardon or order, the evidence
4

5 or basis on which the finding of actual innocence is based.
5

6   2. As used in paragraph 1 of this subsection, for a claimant to

6

7 recover based on "actual innocence", the individual must meet the
7

8 following criteria:
8

9   a. the individual was charged, by indictment or

9

10                 information, with the commission of a public offense

10

11                 classified as a felony,

11

12  b. the individual did not plead guilty to the offense

12

13                 charged, or to any lesser included offense, but was

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14                 convicted of the offense,

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15  c. the individual was sentenced to incarceration for a

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16                 term of imprisonment as a result of the conviction,

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17  d. the individual was imprisoned solely on the basis of

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18                 the conviction for the offense, and

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19  e. (1) in the case of a pardon, a determination was made

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20                     by either the Pardon and Parole Board or the

20

21                     Governor that the offense for which the

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22                     individual was convicted, sentenced and

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23                     imprisoned, including any lesser offenses, was

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24                     not committed by the individual, or

24

    Req. No. 1398                                               Page 23
1                  (2) in the case of judicial relief, a court of

1

2                  competent jurisdiction found by clear and

2

3                  convincing evidence that the offense for which

3

4                  the individual was convicted, sentenced and

4

5                  imprisoned, including any lesser included

5

6                  offenses, was not committed by the individual and

6

7                  issued an order vacating, dismissing or reversing

7

8                  the conviction and sentence and providing that no

8

9                  further proceedings can be or will be held

9

10                 against the individual on any facts and

10

11                 circumstances alleged in the proceedings which

11

12                 had resulted in the conviction.

12

13  3. A claimant shall not be entitled to compensation for any

13

14 part of a sentence in prison during which the claimant was also
14

15 serving a concurrent sentence for a crime not covered by this
15

16 subsection.
16

17  4. The total liability of the state and its political

17

18 subdivisions on any claim within the scope of The Governmental Tort
18

19 Claims Act arising out of wrongful criminal felony conviction
19

20 resulting in imprisonment shall not exceed One Hundred Seventy-five
20

21 Thousand Dollars ($175,000.00).
21

22  5. The provisions of this subsection shall apply to convictions

22

23 occurring on or before May 28, 2003, as well as convictions
23

24 occurring after May 28, 2003. If a court of competent jurisdiction
24

    Req. No. 1398                                           Page 24
1 finds that retroactive application of this subsection is
1

2 unconstitutional, the prospective application of this subsection
2

3 shall remain valid.
3

4   C. No award for damages in an action or any claim against the

4

5 state or a political subdivision shall include punitive or exemplary
5

6 damages.
6

7   D. When the amount awarded to or settled upon multiple

7

8 claimants exceeds the limitations of this section, any party may
8

9 apply to the district court which has jurisdiction of the cause to
9

10 apportion to each claimant the claimant's proper share of the total
10

11 amount as limited herein. The share apportioned to each claimant
11

12 shall be in the proportion that the ratio of the award or settlement
12

13 made to him each claimant bears to the aggregate awards and
13

14 settlements for all claims against the state or its political
14

15 subdivisions arising out of the occurrence. When the amount of the
15

16 aggregate losses presented by a single claimant exceeds the limits
16

17 of paragraph 1 or 2 of subsection A of this section, each person
17

18 suffering a loss shall be entitled to that person's proportionate
18

19 share.
19

20  E. The total liability of resident physicians and interns while

20

21 participating in a graduate medical education program of the
21

22 University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, its affiliated
22

23 institutions and the Oklahoma State University College of
23

24 Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery shall not exceed One Hundred
24

    Req. No. 1398                                             Page 25
1 Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) One Hundred Twenty-five Thousand
1

2 Dollars ($125,000.00).
2

3   F. The state or a political subdivision may petition the court

3

4 that all parties and actions arising out of a single accident or
4

5 occurrence shall be joined as provided by law, and upon order of the
5

6 court the proceedings upon good cause shown shall be continued for a
6

7 reasonable time or until such joinder has been completed. The state
7

8 or political subdivision shall be allowed to interplead in any
8

9 action which may impose on it any duty or liability pursuant to The
9

10 Governmental Tort Claims Act.
10

11  G. The liability of the state or political subdivision under

11

12 The Governmental Tort Claims Act shall be several from that of any
12

13 other person or entity, and the state or political subdivision shall
13

14 only be liable for that percentage of total damages that corresponds
14

15 to its percentage of total negligence. Nothing in this section
15

16 shall be construed as increasing the liability limits imposed on the
16

17 state or political subdivision under The Governmental Tort Claims
17

18 Act.
18

19  SECTION 4.     AMENDATORY     51 O.S. 2021, Section 155, as

19

20 amended by Section 21, Chapter 228, O.S.L. 2022 (51 O.S. Supp. 2024,
20

21 Section 155), is amended to read as follows:
21

22  Section 155. The state or a political subdivision shall not be

22

23 liable if a loss or claim results from:
23

24  1. Legislative functions;

24

    Req. No. 1398                                Page 26
1   2. Judicial, quasi-judicial, or prosecutorial functions, other

1

2 than claims for wrongful criminal felony conviction resulting in
2

3 imprisonment provided for in Section 154 of this title;
3

4   3. Execution or enforcement of the lawful orders of any court;

4

5   4. Adoption or enforcement of or failure to adopt or enforce a

5

6 law, whether valid or invalid, including, but not limited to, any
6

7 statute, charter provision, ordinance, resolution, rule, regulation
7

8 or written policy;
8

9   5. Performance of or the failure to exercise or perform any act

9

10 or service which is in the discretion of the state or political
10

11 subdivision or its employees;
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12  6. Civil disobedience, riot, insurrection or rebellion or the

12

13 failure to provide, or the method of providing, police, law
13

14 enforcement or fire protection;
14

15  7. Any claim based on the theory of attractive nuisance;

15

16  8. Snow or ice conditions or temporary or natural conditions on

16

17 any public way or other public place due to weather conditions,
17

18 unless the condition is affirmatively caused by the negligent act of
18

19 the state or a political subdivision;
19

20  9. Entry upon any property where that entry is expressly or

20

21 implied authorized by law;
21

22  10. Natural conditions of property of the state or political

22

23 subdivision;
23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                                          Page 27
1   11. Assessment or collection of taxes or special assessments,

1

2 license or registration fees, or other fees or charges imposed by
2

3 law;
3

4   12. Licensing powers or functions including, but not limited

4

5 to, the issuance, denial, suspension or revocation of or failure or
5

6 refusal to issue, deny, suspend or revoke any permit, license,
6

7 certificate, approval, order or similar authority;
7

8   13. Inspection powers or functions, including failure to make

8

9 an inspection, review or approval, or making an inadequate or
9

10 negligent inspection, review or approval of any property, real or
10

11 personal, to determine whether the property complies with or
11

12 violates any law or contains a hazard to health or safety, or fails
12

13 to conform to a recognized standard;
13

14  14. Any loss to any person covered by any workers' compensation

14

15 act or any employer's liability act;
15

16  15. Absence, condition, location or malfunction of any traffic

16

17 or road sign, signal or warning device unless the absence,
17

18 condition, location or malfunction is not corrected by the state or
18

19 political subdivision responsible within a reasonable time after
19

20 actual or constructive notice or the removal or destruction of such
20

21 signs, signals or warning devices by third parties, action of
21

22 weather elements or as a result of traffic collision except on
22

23 failure of the state or political subdivision to correct the same
23

24 within a reasonable time after actual or constructive notice.
24

    Req. No. 1398                                              Page 28
1 Nothing herein shall give rise to liability arising from the failure
1

2 of the state or any political subdivision to initially place any of
2

3 the above signs, signals or warning devices. The signs, signals and
3

4 warning devices referred to herein are those used in connection with
4

5 hazards normally connected with the use of roadways or public ways
5

6 and do not apply to the duty to warn of special defects such as
6

7 excavations or roadway obstructions;
7

8   16. Any claim which is limited or barred by any other law;

8

9   17. Misrepresentation, if unintentional;

9

10  18. An act or omission of an independent contractor or

10

11 consultant or his or her employees, agents, subcontractors or
11

12 suppliers or of a person other than an employee of the state or
12

13 political subdivision at the time the act or omission occurred;
13

14  19. Theft by a third person of money in the custody of an

14

15 employee unless the loss was sustained because of the negligence or
15

16 wrongful act or omission of the employee;
16

17  20. Participation in or practice for any interscholastic or

17

18 other athletic contest sponsored or conducted by or on the property
18

19 of the state or a political subdivision;
19

20  21. Participation in any activity approved by a local board of

20

21 education and held within a building or on the grounds of the school
21

22 district served by that local board of education before or after
22

23 normal school hours or on weekends;
23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                             Page 29
1   22. Use of indoor or outdoor school property and facilities

1

2 made available for public recreation before or after normal school
2

3 hours or on weekends or school vacations, except those claims
3

4 resulting from willful and wanton acts of negligence. For purposes
4

5 of this paragraph:
5

6   a. "public" includes, but is not limited to, students

6

7                  during nonschool hours and school staff when not

7

8                  working as employees of the school, and

8

9   b. "recreation" means any indoor or outdoor physical

9

10                 activity, either organized or unorganized, undertaken

10

11                 for exercise, relaxation, diversion, sport or

11

12                 pleasure, and that is not otherwise covered by

12

13                 paragraph 20 or 21 of this section;

13

14  23. Any court-ordered, Department of Corrections or county

14

15 approved work release program; provided, however, this provision
15

16 shall not apply to claims from individuals not in the custody of the
16

17 Department of Corrections based on accidents involving motor
17

18 vehicles owned or operated by the Department of Corrections;
18

19  24. The activities of the state military forces when on state

19

20 active duty orders or on Title 32 active duty orders;
20

21  25. Provision, equipping, operation or maintenance of any

21

22 prison, jail or correctional facility, or injuries resulting from
22

23 the parole or escape of a prisoner or injuries by a prisoner to any
23

24 other prisoner; provided, however, this provision shall not apply to
24

    Req. No. 1398                                           Page 30
1 claims from individuals not in the custody of the Department of
1

2 Corrections based on accidents involving motor vehicles owned or
2

3 operated by the Department of Corrections;
3

4   26. Provision, equipping, operation or maintenance of any

4

5 juvenile detention facility, or injuries resulting from the escape
5

6 of a juvenile detainee, or injuries by a juvenile detainee to any
6

7 other juvenile detainee;
7

8   27. Any claim or action based on the theory of manufacturer's

8

9 products liability or breach of warranty, either expressed or
9

10 implied;
10

11  28. Any claim or action based on the theory of indemnification

11

12 or subrogation; provided, however, a political subdivision as
12

13 defined in subparagraph s of paragraph 11 of Section 152 of this
13

14 title may enter into a contract with a contract operator or any
14

15 railroad operating in interstate commerce that sells a property
15

16 interest or provides services to a regional transportation
16

17 authority, or allows the regional transportation authority to use
17

18 the railroad's property or tracks for the provision of public
18

19 passenger rail service, providing for the allocation of financial
19

20 responsibility, indemnification, or the procurement of insurance for
20

21 the parties for all types of claims or damages, provided that funds
21

22 have been appropriated to cover the resulting contractual obligation
22

23 at the time the contract is executed. The acquisition of commercial
23

24 liability insurance to cover the activities of the regional
24

    Req. No. 1398                                              Page 31
1 transportation authority, contract operator or railroad shall not
1

2 operate as a waiver of any of the liabilities, immunities or
2

3 defenses provided for political subdivisions pursuant to the
3

4 provisions of The Governmental Tort Claims Act. A contract entered
4

5 into under this paragraph shall not affect rights of employees under
5

6 the Federal Employers Liability Act or the Federal Railway Labor
6

7 Act;
7

8   29. Any claim based upon an act or omission of an employee in

8

9 the placement of children;
9

10  30. Acts or omissions done in conformance with then current

10

11 recognized standards;
11

12  31. Maintenance of the state highway system or any portion

12

13 thereof unless the claimant presents evidence which establishes
13

14 either that the state failed to warn of the unsafe condition or that
14

15 the loss would not have occurred but for a negligent affirmative act
15

16 of the state;
16

17  32. Any confirmation of the existence or nonexistence of any

17

18 effective financing statement on file in the office of the Secretary
18

19 of State made in good faith by an employee of the office of the
19

20 Secretary of State as required by the provisions of Section 1-9-
20

21 320.6 of Title 12A of the Oklahoma Statutes;
21

22  33. Any court-ordered community sentence;

22

23  34. Remedial action and any subsequent related maintenance of

23

24 property pursuant to and in compliance with an authorized
24

    Req. No. 1398                                             Page 32
1 environmental remediation program, order, or requirement of a
1

2 federal or state environmental agency;
2

3   35. The use of necessary and reasonable force by a school

3

4 district employee to control and discipline a student during the
4

5 time the student is in attendance or in transit to and from the
5

6 school, or any other function authorized by the school district;
6

7   36. Actions taken in good faith by a school district employee

7

8 for the out-of-school suspension of a student pursuant to applicable
8

9 Oklahoma Statutes; or
9

10  37. Use of a public facility opened to the general public

10

11 during an emergency;
11

12  38. Flooding, backups, or stoppages of storm sewers or sanitary

12

13 sewers that are caused by unordinary rainfall events, considering
13

14 duration and intensity of the rainfall event, that results in flows
14

15 that exceed the design capacity of the sewer system;
15

16  39. Sanitary sewer overflows that have occurred on lines within

16

17 the sanitary sewer system where no report of a blockage, backup, or
17

18 overflow has been made to the political subdivision or utility
18

19 operator within the preceding three (3) years;
19

20  40. A sanitary sewer overflow occurring on private property,

20

21 provided that the utility operator is in compliance with Section 1
21

22 of this act. This paragraph shall not apply to claims for loss of
22

23 property; or
23

24

24

    Req. No. 1398                                        Page 33
1   41. Any claims occurring within five (5) years after the

1

2 effective date of this act arising out of the maintenance and
2

3 operation of a public utility, which is deemed to be in compliance
3

4 with the provisions of Section 1 of this act.
4

5   SECTION 5. This act shall become effective November 1, 2025.

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    Req. No. 1398                                Page 34
Every fact on this page links to its source, starting with the official bill record.