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Oklahoma Legislature· HB 3629Referred to Criminal Judiciary

An act relating to criminal procedure, the official text

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1                   STATE OF OKLAHOMA

2   2nd Session of the 60th Legislature (2026)

3 HOUSE BILL 3629                 By: Lawson

4

5

6

7                               AS INTRODUCED

8   An Act relating to criminal procedure; amending 22

    O.S. 2021, Sections 1175.2, 1175.4, as amended by

9   Section 3, Chapter 73, O.S.L. 2024, and 1175.6a, as

    amended by Section 2, Chapter 364, O.S.L. 2025 (22

10  O.S. Supp. 2025, Sections 1175.4 and 1175.6a), which

    relate to procedures for determining competency;

11  deleting certain notice and affidavit requirement;

    extending time limitation for scheduling certain

12  hearing; authorizing courts to issue orders for

    medications and injectables; directing the Department

13  of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services to

    prepare and submit certain report to the court; and

14  providing an effective date.

15

16

17 BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:

18  SECTION 1.      AMENDATORY  22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.2, is

19 amended to read as follows:

20  Section 1175.2. A. No person shall be subject to any criminal

21 procedures after the person is determined to be incompetent except

22 as provided in Sections 1175.1 through 1175.8 of this title. The

23 question of the incompetency of a person may be raised by the

24 person, the attorney for the person whose competency is in question,

    Req. No. 13891                                                Page 1
1 or the district attorney, by an application for determination of

2 competency. The application for determination of competency shall

3 allege that the person is incompetent to undergo further

4 proceedings, and shall state facts sufficient to raise a doubt as to

5 the competency of the person. The court, at any time, may initiate

6 a competency determination on its own motion, without an

7 application, if the court has a doubt as to the competency of the

8 person.

9   If the court so initiates such an application, it may appoint

10 the district attorney for the purpose of proceeding with the

11 application. If the district attorney opposes the application of

12 the court, and by reason of a conflict of interest could not

13 represent the court as applicant, then the court shall appoint

14 private counsel. Said private counsel shall be reasonably

15 compensated by the court fund.

16  B. A copy of the application for determination of competency

17 and a notice, as hereinafter described, shall be served personally

18 at least one (1) day before the first hearing on the application for

19 a competency determination. The notice shall contain the following

20 information:

21  1. The definition provided by Section 1175.1 of this title of

22 competency and incompetency;

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    Req. No. 13891                                                 Page 2
1   2. That, upon request, the hearing on the application may be

2 conducted as a jury trial as provided in Section 1175.4 of this

3 title;

4   3. That the petitioner and any witnesses identified in the

5 application may offer testimony under oath at the hearings on the

6 petition and that the defendant may not be called to testify against

7 the defendant's will, unless the application is initiated by the

8 defendant;

9   4. That if the person whose competency is in question does not

10 have an attorney, the court will appoint an attorney for the person

11 who shall represent the person until final disposition of the case;

12  5. That if the person whose competency is in question is

13 indigent or poor, the court will pay the attorney fees; and

14  6. That the person whose competency is in question shall be

15 afforded such other rights as are guaranteed by state and federal

16 law and that such rights include a trial by jury, if demanded. The

17 notice shall be served upon the person whose competency is in

18 question, upon the person's father, mother, husband, or wife or, in

19 their absence, someone of the next of kin, of full age, if any said

20 persons are known to be residing within the county, and upon any of

21 said relatives residing outside of the county, and within the state,

22 as may be ordered by the court, and also upon the person with whom

23 the person whose competency is in question may reside, or at whose

24 house the person may be. The person making such service shall make

    Req. No. 13891                                                 Page 3
1 affidavit of the same and file such notice, with proof of service,

2 with the district court. This notice may be served in any part of

3 this state.

4   C. Any criminal proceedings against a person whose competency

5 is in question shall be suspended pending the determination of the

6 competency of the person.

7   SECTION 2.      AMENDATORY  22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.4, as

8 amended by Section 3, Chapter 73, O.S.L. 2024 (22 O.S. Supp. 2025,

9 Section 1175.4), is amended to read as follows:

10  Section 1175.4. A. A hearing to determine the competency of

11 the person whose competency is in question shall be held within

12 thirty (30) days after the qualified forensic examiner or examiners

13 have made the determination required in Section 1175.3 of this

14 title. In such cases where intellectual disability may be involved,

15 the Office of Public Guardian shall have standing to participate in

16 any stage of the proceedings as deemed necessary by the Office.

17  B. The court, at the hearing, shall determine by a

18 preponderance of the evidence if the person is incompetent. Such

19 determination shall include consideration of all reports prepared by

20 the qualified forensic examiner or examiners; provided, however, in

21 any case where intellectual disability may be involved, the

22 recommendations of examiners set forth in subparagraph b of

23 paragraph 1 of subsection D of Section 1175.3 of this title shall be

24 considered by the court. The person shall be presumed to be

    Req. No. 13891                                                  Page 4
1 competent for the purposes of the allocation of the burden of proof

2 and burden of going forward with the evidence. If the court deems

3 it necessary, or if the person alleged to be a person requiring

4 treatment, or any relative, friend, or any person with whom he or

5 she may reside, or at whose house the person may be, shall so

6 demand, the court shall schedule the hearing on the application as a

7 jury trial to be held within seventy-two (72) hours thirty (30) days

8 of the request, excluding weekends and legal holidays, or within as

9 much additional time as is requested by the attorney of the person

10 whose competency is in question, upon good cause shown. The jury

11 shall be composed of six (6) persons having the qualifications

12 required of jurors in courts of record, summoned to determine the

13 questions of the person's competency of the person and need for

14 treatment. Whenever a jury is required, the court shall proceed to

15 the selection of such jury in the manner as provided by law and such

16 jury shall determine the questions of the competency and need for

17 treatment of the person whose competency is in question. The jurors

18 shall receive fees for attendance and mileage as are allowed by law.

19  C. The person whose competency is in question shall have the

20 right to be present at the hearing on the petition unless it is made

21 to appear to the court that the presence of the person makes it

22 impossible to conduct the hearing in a reasonable manner. The court

23 may not decide in advance of the hearing, solely on the basis of the

24 certificate of the examining doctor or doctors, that the person

    Req. No. 13891                                                  Page 5
1 whose competency is in question should not be allowed to appear. It

2 shall be made to appear to the court based on clear and convincing

3 evidence that alternatives to exclusion were attempted before the

4 court renders the person's removal of the person for that purpose or

5 the person's appearance of the person at such hearing improper and

6 unsafe.

7   D. All witnesses shall be subject to cross-examination in the

8 same manner as is provided by law. If so stipulated by counsel for

9 a person whose competency is in question, the district attorney and

10 the court, testimony may be given by telephone or other electronic

11 transmitting device approved by the court. No statement, admission

12 or confession made by the person whose competency is in question

13 obtained during the examination for competency may be used for any

14 purpose except for proceedings under Section 1175.1 et seq. of this

15 title. No such statement, admission or confession may be used

16 against such person in any criminal action whether pending at the

17 time the hearing is held or filed against such person at any later

18 time, directly, indirectly or in any manner or form.

19  E. If the question of competency is submitted to a jury, the

20 court shall instruct the jury as to the law regarding competency,

21 and the findings they are to make. If the trial of the question is

22 to the court, the court shall make the required findings.

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    Req. No. 13891                                                Page 6
1   SECTION 3.      AMENDATORY  22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.6a, as

2 amended by Section 2, Chapter 364, O.S.L. 2025 (22 O.S. Supp. 2025,

3 Section 1175.6a), is amended to read as follows:

4   Section 1175.6a. A. If the person is found to be incompetent

5 prior to conviction because he or she is a person requiring

6 treatment as defined in Section 1-103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma

7 Statutes, but capable of achieving competence with treatment within

8 a reasonable period of time as defined by Section 1175.1 of this

9 title, the court shall suspend the criminal proceedings and order

10 the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services to

11 provide treatment, therapy or training which is calculated to allow

12 the person to achieve competency. In addition, the court shall also

13 be authorized to order the Department or treating physician to

14 prescribe and administer medications, including the administration

15 of medications by an injectable method. The Department may

16 designate a willing entity to provide such competency restoration

17 services on behalf of the Department, provided the entity has

18 qualified personnel. The court shall further order the Department

19 to take custody of the individual as soon as a forensic bed becomes

20 available, unless both the Department and the county jail where the

21 person is being held determine that it is in the best interests of

22 the person to remain in the county jail. Such competency

23 restoration services shall begin within a reasonable period of time

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    Req. No. 13891                                                  Page 7
1 after the court has determined that the person is not competent to

2 stand trial.

3   The person shall remain in the custody of the county jail until

4 such time as the Department has a bed available at the forensic

5 facility unless competency restoration services are provided by a

6 designee of the Department, in which case custody of the person

7 shall be transferred to the Department.

8   B. The Every thirty (30) days, the Department of Mental Health

9 and Substance Abuse Services or designee shall make periodic reports

10 prepare and submit to the court a report as to the competency of the

11 defendant.

12  C. If the person is determined by the Department of Mental

13 Health and Substance Abuse Services or designee to have regained

14 competency, or is no longer incompetent because the person is a

15 person requiring treatment as defined by Section 1-103 of Title 43A

16 of the Oklahoma Statutes, a hearing shall be scheduled within twenty

17 (20) days:

18  1. If found competent by the court or a jury after such

19 rehearing, criminal proceedings shall be resumed;

20  2. If the person is found to continue to be incompetent because

21 the person is a person requiring treatment as defined in Section 1-

22 103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes, the person shall be

23 returned to the custody of the Department of Mental Health and

24 Substance Abuse Services or designee;

    Req. No. 13891                                                  Page 8
1   3. If the person is found to be incompetent because the person

2 is an individual with intellectual disability as defined by Section

3 1408 of Title 10 of the Oklahoma Statutes, the court shall issue the

4 appropriate order as set forth in Section 1175.6b of this title;

5   4. If the person is found to be incompetent for reasons other

6 than the person is a person requiring treatment as defined by

7 Section 1-103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes, and other than

8 the person is an individual with intellectual disability as defined

9 in Section 1408 of Title 10 of the Oklahoma Statutes, and is also

10 found to be not dangerous as defined by Section 1175.1 of this

11 title, the court shall issue the appropriate order as set forth in

12 Section 1175.6b of this title; or

13  5. If the person is found to be incompetent for reasons other

14 than the person is a person requiring treatment as defined by

15 Section 1-103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes, and other than

16 the person is an individual with intellectual disability as defined

17 in Section 1408 of Title 10 of the Oklahoma Statutes, but is also

18 found to be dangerous as defined by Section 1175.1 of this title,

19 the court shall issue the appropriate order as set forth in Section

20 1175.6c of this title.

21  D. If the person is found to be incompetent because the person

22 is a person requiring treatment as defined by Section 1-103 of Title

23 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes, but not capable of achieving

24 competence with treatment within a reasonable period of time as

    Req. No. 13891                                                  Page 9
1 defined by Section 1175.1 of this title, the court shall commence

2 civil commitment proceedings pursuant to Title 43A of the Oklahoma

3 Statutes and shall dismiss without prejudice the criminal

4 proceeding. If the person is subsequently committed to the

5 Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services pursuant to

6 Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes, the statute of limitations for

7 the criminal charges which were dismissed by the court shall be

8 tolled until the person is discharged from the Department of Mental

9 Health and Substance Abuse Services pursuant to Section 7-101 of

10 Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes.

11  E. For a person undergoing competency restoration services,

12 within thirty (30) days after the expiration of the reasonable

13 period of time as defined by Section 1175.1 of this title, the court

14 shall hold a hearing to determine whether the person has been

15 restored to competency.

16  1. No less than fifteen (15) days prior to the hearing the

17 Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services shall

18 submit a report to the court, the person's attorney, and the

19 prosecuting agency detailing the person's status and progress in

20 being restored to competency including the person's historical and

21 current compliance with medication and treatment and a plan for

22 competency restoration if additional competency restoration services

23 are ordered by the court.

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    Req. No. 13891                                                 Page 10
1   2. If the court determines that the person has been restored to

2 competency, the criminal proceedings shall resume.

3   3. If the court determines that the person has not been

4 restored to competency, the court shall determine whether additional

5 competency restoration services are likely to be beneficial in

6 restoring the person to competency. If the court finds by a

7 preponderance of the evidence that additional competency restoration

8 services are:

9   a. likely to be beneficial in restoring the person to

10               competency, the court shall order the person to remain

11               in or be transferred to the custody of the Department

12               which shall continue to provide treatment, therapy, or

13               training calculated to restore the person to

14               competency for a period of time not to exceed the

15               lesser of an additional two (2) years or the maximum

16               sentence specified for the most serious offense with

17               which the defendant is charged, or

18  b. not likely to be beneficial in restoring the person to

19               competency, the court shall commence civil commitment

20               proceedings pursuant to Title 43A of the Oklahoma

21               Statutes and shall dismiss without prejudice the

22               criminal proceeding. If the person is subsequently

23               committed to the Department pursuant to Title 43A of

24               the Oklahoma Statutes, the statute of limitations for

    Req. No. 13891                                                 Page 11
1   the criminal charges which were dismissed by the court

2   shall be tolled until the person is discharged from

3   the Department pursuant to Section 7-101 of Title 43A

4   of the Oklahoma Statutes.

5   SECTION 4. This act shall become effective November 1, 2026.

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7   60-2-13891      GRS  11/10/25

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