Shown verbatim: the complete text as captured from the official source posted by the New York State Senate, fetched 2026-08-11. Nothing is edited or removed. Where this bill amends existing law, language marked for deletion in the official source appears here in brackets. The official bill page.
S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
10058--C
I N S E N A T E
April 24, 2026
___________
Introduced by Sen. HARCKHAM -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation -- commit-
tee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recom-
mitted to said committee -- committee discharged, bill amended,
ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee --
committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and
recommitted to said committee
AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
in relation to establishing a school speed zone camera demonstration
program in the village of Croton-on-Hudson; and providing for the
repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new
section 1180-i to read as follows:
§ 1180-I. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH
CERTAIN POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
PROVISION OF LAW, THE VILLAGE OF CROTON-ON-HUDSON IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED
TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE
OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE WITHIN SUCH VILLAGE
(I) WHEN A SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE
AND TWO OF SUBDIVISION (C) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS
ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN
SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
THIS ARTICLE DURING THE FOLLOWING TIMES: (A) ON SCHOOL DAYS DURING
SCHOOL HOURS AND ONE HOUR BEFORE AND ONE HOUR AFTER THE SCHOOL DAY, AND
(B) A PERIOD DURING STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL AND UP TO THIRTY
MINUTES IMMEDIATELY BEFORE AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY AFTER
SUCH STUDENT ACTIVITIES. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE
VILLAGE OF CROTON-ON-HUDSON TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
SYSTEMS WITHIN NO MORE THAN THREE SCHOOL SPEED ZONES WITHIN SUCH VILLAGE
AT ANY ONE TIME AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH ZONES (III) WHEN
A SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD15650-08-6
S. 10058--C 2
OF SUBDIVISION (C) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR
(IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION
(B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE
DURING THE FOLLOWING TIMES: (A) ON SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL HOURS AND
ONE HOUR BEFORE AND ONE HOUR AFTER THE SCHOOL DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD
DURING STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMME-
DIATELY BEFORE AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY AFTER SUCH STUDENT
ACTIVITIES. IN SELECTING A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND
OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE VILLAGE SHALL
CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH
HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE.
2. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A
SCHOOL SPEED ZONE UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESS-
FULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE AN
ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH FOUR OF THIS
SUBDIVISION. THE VILLAGE SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A PHOTO
SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS IN USE TO BE MOUNTED ON ADVANCE
WARNING SIGNS NOTIFYING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS OF SUCH UPCOMING SCHOOL
SPEED ZONE AND/OR ON SPEED LIMIT SIGNS APPLICABLE WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL
SPEED ZONE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD.
3. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL HAVE
COMPLETED TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER-
ATING SUCH SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A DAILY
SET-UP LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT SUCH OPERATOR OPERATES THAT (I)
STATES THE DATE AND TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS
SET UP THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY
PERFORMED, AND THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF SUCH SYSTEM BEFORE
PRODUCING A RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY. THE VILLAGE SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH
DAILY LOG UNTIL THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION
MONITORING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM
USE OR THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY
ISSUED BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER
RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.
4. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
AL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY
WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE VILLAGE SHALL
KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL
RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING
SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE
OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
ING SYSTEM.
5. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
TO ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED
VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE
DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH,
VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE
DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE VILLAGE
SHOWS THAT IT MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
THIS PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE.
(II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED
IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE
EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE VILLAGE FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF
LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A
S. 10058--C 3
NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY
THE VILLAGE UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO
WHICH SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
IMAGES RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE
OF LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY
OTHER LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED
VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
TO CIVIL OR CRIMINAL PROCESS OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR
ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING THEREIN
EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF
LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND NO PUBLIC ENTITY OR
EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT THEREOF SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION,
EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER
RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
(A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
VEHICLE OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
(B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED
BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
SIX HUNDRED NINETY OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT
AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE SUCH
SEARCH WARRANT STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH
INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, A
MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER
STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION OF A
MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY
AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
(2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX
HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A
FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER
FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
THE PROSECUTION, OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR
FELONY IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH
OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE
SHALL ONLY ISSUE SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
THIS STATE; AND
(3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A)
OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL
ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
(B) IF THE VILLAGE OF CROTON-ON-HUDSON ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A
VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITHIN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVI-
SION (C) OR DURING THE TIMES AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF
THIS SECTION IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAVELING AT A
S. 10058--C 4
SPEED OF MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT IN
EFFECT WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY
INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM;
PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENAL-
TY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE
HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
(D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
(C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
1. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN
THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
2. "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
CHAPTER;
3. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE
SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE
WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN VIOLATION OF
SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; AND
4. "SCHOOL SPEED ZONE" SHALL MEAN A DISTANCE NOT TO EXCEED ONE THOU-
SAND THREE HUNDRED TWENTY FEET ON A HIGHWAY PASSING A SCHOOL BUILDING,
ENTRANCE OR EXIT OF A SCHOOL ABUTTING ON THE HIGHWAY.
(D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY
THE VILLAGE OF CROTON-ON-HUDSON, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON
INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
IMAGES PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE
PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS,
MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH A
VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE
REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR
THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY IN
ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH
VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
(E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A
DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND
PENALTIES TO BE SET FORTH IN SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE. THE LIABILITY
OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR
EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE MAY
PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS
FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY
WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
(F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN
OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED FOR
INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
(G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN FOURTEEN BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH
OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF
S. 10058--C 5
SUCH OWNER IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT
BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE
ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
CONTAINED THEREIN.
2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE
INVOLVED IN SUCH VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK
PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
THE CAMERA WHICH RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR
NUMBER, AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE
MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR
VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH SUCH PERSON MAY
CONTEST THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY
SHALL ALSO CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT
FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN
ADMISSION OF LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THERE-
ON.
4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE VILLAGE
OF CROTON-ON-HUDSON, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE VILLAGE TO
PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
(H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION
SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION
THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW OR, IF THERE BE NONE,
BY THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS.
(I) IF AN OWNER RECEIVES A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS
HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF
LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
THAT THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN
REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION
OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF
ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
CIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE
OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO
THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR COURT HAVING JURISDICTION.
(J) AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABIL-
ITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION,
PROVIDED THAT SUCH OWNER SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR COURT
HAVING JURISDICTION A COPY OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT
DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE VIOLATION, WITH THE
NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS
AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF
SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE
ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY. FAILURE TO SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN
SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE
PENALTY PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE
PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE
OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR
S. 10058--C 6
PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR THE
VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE
SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
(K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D)
OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE
VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
THE OPERATOR.
2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A
VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH
VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION
THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERA-
TOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
(L) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D)
OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
(M) IF THE VILLAGE ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVI-
SION (A) OF THIS SECTION IT SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT AN ANNUAL
REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE
TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY ON OR
BEFORE THE FIRST DAY OF JUNE NEXT SUCCEEDING THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
SECTION AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH THE DEMON-
STRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE:
1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
SYSTEMS WERE USED;
2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
WITHIN THE VILLAGE, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
3. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN SCHOOL SPEED ZONES WHERE
PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE
INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS
STATE;
4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
WITHIN THE VILLAGE, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY
BASIS;
5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE
WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN THE AGGRE-
GATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
6. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
WITHIN THE VILLAGE THAT WERE:
(I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
(II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
(III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
(IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
S. 10058--C 7
7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE
WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE:
(I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
(II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
(III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
(IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS
RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST
NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
DICATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE FOR VIOLATIONS
RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
11. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY THE VILLAGE IN CONNECTION
WITH THE PROGRAM;
12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE VILLAGE IN CONNECTION WITH THE
PROGRAM; AND
13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
(N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
VISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION
MONITORING SYSTEM WAS MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED
VIOLATION.
§ 2. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is amended
by adding a new paragraph (x) to read as follows:
(X) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-I
OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
§ 3. The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
established pursuant to section 1180-i of the vehicle and traffic law,
as added by section one of this act, shall be subject to the provisions
of section 103 of the general municipal law.
§ 4. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
have become a law and shall expire December 31, 2031, when upon such
date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed.
Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any
rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of this act on its
effective date are authorized to be made and completed on or before such
effective date.Every fact on this page links to its source, starting with the official bill record.